As Dr. Ronald Hendel, Educator of Hebrew Bible and Jewish Studies at the University of California, Berkeley wrote:
The made-for-TV documentary, The Exodus Decoded, begins with some huge special equipment and a brief reference from the Steven Spielberg-George Lucas detective novel, Raiders of the Complete Ark. This introduction sets the stage for a fast-paced show with high production values and impressive soundtrack. Tragically, poles apart the Indiana Jones movie, this film presents itself as non-fiction. Watching it is redolent of an expensive ad, in which the actor-salesman makes progressively melodramatic claims for his product-it makes you lose weight, adds ability, and makes you untold to boot. In this organize, the actor-director is establishment a efficiently be suspicious of clump of theories about the history and mechanical fact of the Biblical Exodus.
Wikipedia...
Jacobovici suggests that the Exodus took place verbalize 1500 BC, participating in the house of pharaoh Ahmose I, and that it coincided with the Minoan explosion. In the documentary, the plagues that ravaged Egypt in the Bible are explained as having resulted from that explosion and a coupled limnic explosion in the Nile Delta. Whilst much of Jacobovici's archaeological sign for the Exodus comes from Egypt, some comes from Mycenae on mainland Greece, such as a gold decoration that slightly resembles the Ark of the Deal.
Optional extra...
Jacobovici's Egyptian Arguments
The Hyksos Expulsion, affiliated Egyptian citations of the pouring out of the booming Hyksos civilization. Jacobovici suggests that the Hyksos and the Hebrews were one and the fantastically, a essay he ropes with Egyptian-style signet rings nude in the Hyksos property of Avaris (30^047'14.71"N, 31^049'16.92"E) that read "Yakov/Yakub" (from Yaqub-her), partnered to the Hebrew name of the Biblical patriarch Jacob (Ya'aqov).
The Ahmose stele, equally called the Typhoon Stele pieces of this stone shot were unearthed in Karnak by Henri Chevalier in 1947. In it an unidentified god incurs one of the fantastically plagues described in the Biblical form (slowness, equally described as "a tighten up bomb"). The Exodus Decoded clever website quotes the stele, "How much above is this the well-known example of the tighten up God, than the procedure of the gods!" An alteration reading is "Moreover His Finery invented 'How these (events) make the grade the power of the tighten up god and the wills of the divinities!'".
Ahmose I. Jacobovici suggests that the name of the Pharaoh at the time of the Exodus may blow your own horn been a pun (paronomasia). Jacobovici states that in Hebrew, the Egyptian name Ahmose would mean "Brother of Moses." Yet in Egyptian, "Mose, Moses, Mes," etc. design "son of." and "Ah" is a recurrent part of Egyptian dignity names referring to the moon god Iah. The documentary equally examines the mummy of Ahmose's son, Sapair, who appears to blow your own horn died at the age of 12. In the Bible, the pharaoh loses a son to the Afflict of the Firstborn.
Serabit el-Khadim turquoise mine, a labour base in the Sinai with a Semitic alphabetic lettering that reads "O El, emergency me from these mines." He argues that the use of "El" suggests that it was written beforehand the supposed wonder at Sinai, deep-seated the essay that Hebrews were locked up in Egypt, bit this lettering was undated.
Jacobovici's Mycenaean Arguments
Gravestones. Jacobovici suggests that three of the stones marking the burdened tombs of Remorseful Civilization A in Mycenae consider the leave-taking of the Sea of Reeds. The stones, Jacobovici claims, show a man on a chariot in chase of a man on bed moving a desire, forthright nag. Jacobovici proposes that the man on the chariot is Ahmose I, the man on bed is Moses, and the desire, forthright nag is the staff of Aaron. Senior and base the panorama are rows of swirls which, in Jacobovici's interpretation, stand for the leave-taking waters. He admits, even if, that archaeologists blow your own horn normally interpreted the panorama as a chariot flee, with the desire, forthright nag animal a stab or sword.
A Gold ingots decoration excavated from one of the tombs in the Remorseful Civilization is believed by Jacobovici to show the Ark of the Deal adjacent to a location of the tabernacle altar. All the same, seeing that you weigh up the photo of the gold decoration to the Biblical story of God signifying Moses how to build the Ark, the metaphors bicker in countless ways. Jacobovici suggests that members of the Event of Dan may blow your own horn emigrated to Mycenae on one occasion the Exodus. This, the documentary suggests, is why Homer refers to the secreted at Mycenae as "Danaoi." The Greek myth states, even if, that the Danaoi were descended from the Argosites under the matriarch Dana"e.
Theology
The documentary claims that greatest historians be told the Exodus a "fairy yarn," and it equally claims that others offhand mechanical explanations that are not that is mystery. Jacobovici reminds viewers that God, according to the Judeo-Christian report, manipulates brand, having an middle understanding of it. His miracles may along these lines be an skillful and occasion cruelty of natural cycles and logic.
The documentary ends by pretentiousness the suspect of whether the Exodus was restore a natural happening or "the Transfer of God," implying that it is for the onlooker to make a distinction.
Jacobovici's assertions blow your own horn been furthest criticized all by archaeologists and pastoral scholars. The vilification addresses each of Jacobovici's claims, as well as his methods in native. Critics glassy out, among the following:
Jacobovici uses circular logic for his assertions. In the aspire of any other sign, Jacobovici attempts to find a real-world elucidation for a Biblical amazement. Moreover, from the fact that a amazement may perhaps be caused by a firm happening, Jacobovici surmises that a Biblical amazement was caused by diametrically that type of an happening.
Biblical scholars forwards bump Jacobovici's come into being of initially assuming that the Biblical report was an inflated report of a real world happening, followed up with claims that his elucidation is "diametrically as the Bible describes," time in survival his elucidation diverges from the Biblical report.
Chris Heard, Associate Educator of Theology at Pepperdine University on his Web site called "Higgaion" claims that while a inimitable hypothesis is not an indefensible sense, Jacobovici uses a argue of suppositions to embrace each following reckon, recurrently using affair breaks to move from "it may perhaps be realistic that" to "now that we've repute that," a erroneous pompous rip off.
Chris Heard equally claims set down carbon dating sign that the Santorini explosion happened some time among 1550 BC and 1650 BC, narrowed to among 1627-1600 BC, with a 95% try of sympathy.
Jacobovici puts the Exodus in 1500 BC. All the same, it is believed that the pharaoh Ahmose ruled decades earlier period, in 1550-1525 BC. Jacobovici does not outspoken the commerce, and starkly moves Ahmose's take precedence 50 living to the fatality in order to fit his put up, deficient presenting any sign or embrace for his claims.
As in Hebrew the word 'Ah' design brother, and 'Mose' design Moses, Jacobovici claims that the word Ahmose can be implicit as 'brother of Moses'. This even if is amiss, as actual hieroglyphics in the pharaoh's name read Yahmes. 'Ahmose' is a mangled archaic misunderstanding of the name, endlessly recycled usually. Yahmes has meager amount to do with Hebrew Ah Mose, and design 'moon instinctive or 'moon is instinctive. In addition, Moses is an English light wind of the Greek difference of the usually Hebrew Mosheh. Egyptian would blow your own horn differentiated among 's' and 'sh' in Mose / Mosheh.
Chris Heard forwards claims that the maneuver of the Combine Nyos explosion and following events is cardinally well-defined from what would blow your own horn happened in a river such as the Nile. Build-up of gas, or high concentrations of flatten in the internal waters, would cleanly be realistic in a internal lake with endlessly water; not in a come up river with softhearted water.
There's no archeological sign, or any deep-seated sign presented by Jacobovici, to embrace the reckon that Egyptian first-born slept in beds, while all others slept on roofs. Jacobovici's elucidation for the 10th deadly disease as animal caused by carbon dioxide, this does not form for the Biblical report of deaths of firstborn store.
Chris Heard on his "Higgaion" website claims that while Jacobovici union of a palpable ash waft in Egypt, 800 kilometers from the volcanic explosion, innovative on in the documentary a geologist backs up the reckon that ash reached Egypt by test that cleanly a painstaking resource is found in the grimy, which would not cleanly not cook up a palpable waft, it would be each and every one barely discernible to the bare eye.
Jacobovici's reckon of a position overthrow, leading to a slim in water levels, abruptly followed by a meticulous natural disaster, a tsunami, leading to a play of water levels, has comparatively no pure sign, time such a accident would blow your own horn led to thorough devastation kitty-cornered the sum region, not restore localized to one lake, and it would blow your own horn not here a charitable pure pursue. It would blow your own horn genuine equally been recorded by eyewitnesses. There's no follow-up of suchlike of this size fashionable someplace. Moreover, while Jacobovici claims that his elucidation is diametrically as the Bible describes', the Bible actually describes a wall of water on each fence in of the Hebrews, which is the identical contrary of Jacobovici's elucidation.
Jacobovici presents the Beni Hasan catacomb talent as notation of Jewish evacuation participating in Egypt. All the same, Jacobovici ignores the fact that the catacomb talent is actually signed by the write, identifying the convoy as a merchants (not migrants); coming from the land of Sultry, which is not in the arm of modern Israel; and not in to the house of pharaoh Senusret II, circa 1890 BC and not Jacobovici's reckon of 1700 BC.
Prof. Heard claims that presenting a ring signed Jacob-har and involving it to the Biblical Joseph, Jacobovici ignores the fact that Yaqub-Har is a well-attested to Egyptian pharaoh of the Flash Medium Period; and Yakov and variants are recurrent Semitic (not restore Hebrew) names from the life span. In addition, Jacobovici provides comparatively no elucidation as to why Joseph would blow your own horn a signet ring with the name of his fright Jacob, and not his own, which is a modern-day correspond of signing trial contracts with a signature of one's fright.
Chris Heard states that inscriptions at Serabit el-Khadem, which transfer to El, are not inevitably notation that Hebrews worked in the mines. El is a recurrent Semitic (not restore a Hebrew) word that design god (for appearance, see Baal); and the word El in the Bible is recurrently recycled to transfer to gods other than the Hebrew God. Absolute, the word El appears in the sum Tanakh 226 epoch, recurrently referring to other gods; time the word YHVH appears 6,800 epoch and it refers purposely to the God of Israel. In addition, the actual lettering improbable in the documentary does not handling the word El at all; two other El inscriptions from the mine are positive, but they are not improbable in the resolved.
Absolute the draw of the Serabit el-Khadem mines to the Exodus is suspect, such as the Bible tells of Moses liberating Hebrew builders from the Nile delta, not miners from 400 kilometers to the South.
The occupation of the Admonitions of Ipuwer, a papyrus that according to Jacobovici describes a deadly disease of spit and fire, is in fact not in to ca. 1850 BC - 1600 BC, at lowest possible 100 living beforehand Jacobovici's Exodus daylight hours of 1500 BC. The papyrus equally refers not to move events but, greatest genuine, to the Primary Medium Spell of ca. 2134 to 2040 BC, five to six centuries beforehand Jacobovici's Exodus.
The El-Arish pit testament dates to basically a thousand living on one occasion 1500 BC, and the symbols Jacobovici refers to as the leave-taking of the red maritime, two knives and three bearing, mean meager amount of the humane. The reckon is akin to saying that the name Ramesses, based on hieroglyphics recycled to write down it, design sun-fox-skins-folded-cloth-sedge-quail-chick. Absolute, the keep a record in the stele is mythological, and none of the stow Jacobovici refers to from the stele are actually found in any positive translations of the keep a record.
Chris Heard claims that while idiom of the 3 Greek stelae, Jacobovici cleanly shows stelae 2 and 3 from Remorseful Civilization A, and does not show stele 1, which brilliantly shows a hunting panorama with chariots, and not Moses and the pharaoh. Significantly of stele 1, Jacobovici shows a well-defined stele from a well-defined find, with a hole in the means. The actual stele is improbable cleanly swiftly, and is thus replaced by a CGI light wind, with the hole crammed in. Facts on the actual stele, which blow your own horn tails arched up and are direct attributed as lions, are replaced with CGI versions with tails turned down, now branded as cattle.
The swirls intention on the stele, which Jacobovici identifies as water, is very recurrent in Mycenaean art of the life span, and recurrently appears in context that brilliantly excludes its strain with water.
The Higgaion site claims that Jacobovici in good health distorts the Biblical report of the Ark of the Deal, and the Tabernacle, in order to stand your ground the Greek pendant as a sort of the Ark. The pendant does not resemble the biblical report.
